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This book explores the legal regime of non-product related process and production methods (NPR PPMs) in the context of trade-restrictive environmental measures, eco-labelling requirements and sanitary measures under the WTO. These issues serve as concrete, representative examples that raise broader questions about the legitimacy of the WTO dispute settlement system and help to explore the true position of WTO members in this complex legal regime. NPR PPMs are process and production methods that do not affect the product as such, meaning that there is no discernible difference in two products with different NPR PPMs. This work examines WTO states’ attempts to regulate in this regard and create product distinctions on the basis of NPR PPMs. To do so, it scrutinizes historical, institutional, substantive and case-law issues related to NPR PPMs, environmental policy and the WTO. Further, the book addresses the issues of legitimacy, regulatory space and reform, contributing to the lively debate on the future of the WTO.

International law --- Commercial law --- Environmental law --- internationaal recht --- milieurecht --- milieupolitiek

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This book investigates pesticide compliance in China in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of compliance and offers some feasible and adaptable suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of this compliance. It discusses the weak implementation of Chinese laws and rules and emphasizes the necessity and importance of a compliance perspective in China that focuses on why laws are obeyed or broken. It examines how vegetable farmers’ perceptions of amoral calculation affect their pesticide compliance behavior and analyzes how the legitimacy of law is related to compliance to better explain how all the variables interact to shape compliance. It discusses both qualitative and quantitative methods, and uses a large-N qualitative approach, which allows for systematic analysis and in-depth exploration. This book will help readers to understand compliance in developing China by adopting and developing compliance theories which are broadly developed in the West.

Professional ethics. Deontology --- International private law --- Environmental law --- deontologie --- internationaal privaatrecht --- bedrijfsethiek --- milieurecht --- milieupolitiek

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The authors are hopeful. Rather than lamenting the persistent conflicts in global marine ecosystems, they instead sought out examples where managers were doing things differently and making progress against great odds. They interviewed planners, managers, community members, fishermen, and environmentalists throughout the world to find the best lessons for others hoping to advance marine conservation. Their surprising discovery? Successful marine management requires not only the right mix of science, law, financing, and organizational structure, but also an atmosphere of collaboration—a comfortable place for participants to learn about issues, craft solutions, and develop the interpersonal relationships, trust, and understanding needed to put plans into action. This volume is the first practical guide for the marine conservation realm. In a unique collection of case studies, the authors showcase successful collaborative approaches to ecosystem-based management. The authors introduce the basic concepts of ecosystem-based management and five different pathways for making progress from community to multinational levels. They spotlight the characteristics that are evident in all successful cases —the governance structures and social motivations that make it work. Case analyses ranging from the Gulf of Maine to the Channel Islands in Southern California comprise the bulk of the book, augmented by text boxes showcasing examples of guiding documents important to the process. They devote several ending chapters to discussion of the interpersonal relationships critical to successful implementation of marine ecosystem-based management. The book concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy and on-the-ground practice. This book offers a hopeful message to policy makers, managers, practitioners, and students who will find this an indispensable guide to field-tested, replicable marine conservation management practices that work.>.

Environmental law --- Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- milieurecht --- natuurbescherming --- milieupolitiek --- ecosystemen

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This book looks at how the multiplicity of formal and informal normative systems that administer the post-disaster recovery objectives of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 has resulted in inadequate housing and relocation as well as greater suffering to typhoon victims. Using the sociological and normative pluralist perspectives and the case study method, it evaluates the level of conformity of the government resettlement program given to Typhoon Ketsana victims to the legal standards. It highlights the complex and competing legal and cultural normative regimes of various stakeholders and public agencies, rigid regulation in the state’s real estate bureaucracy and the unscrupulous involvement of some powerful and ‘corrupt’ real estate developers and housing groups, as largely contributing to the project’s significant deviation from the law’s proactive rehabilitation goals. It aims to promote the sociological and socio-legal frameworks in post-disaster research and invites policymakers to enact a comprehensive post-disaster management law and create a one-stop disaster management agency to minimize the negative unintended effects caused by normative pluralism in post-disaster resettlement projects.

Sociology of environment --- Law of real property --- Environmental law --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- vastgoed --- sociologie --- milieurecht --- milieupolitiek --- Philippines

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This book considers all aspects of bioprospecting in 14 succinct chapters and a forward by David Hawksworth. The organisms addressed include plants, insects, fungi, bacteria and phages. Bioprospecting has never been more relevant and is of renewed interest, because of the extremely worrying rise in novel, resistant pathogenic microorganisms. The practices in pharmaceutical companies have failed to deliver novel antibiotics to control these infections. We need to look for new sources of drugs from the environment on a massive scale as drug discovery is “too important to fail”. Furthermore, the field can add great value to ecosystems in terms of economics, while providing additional reasons for maintaining associated services, such as food provision, benign climate, effective nutrient cycling and cultural practices. Bioprospecting provides another reason why climate change must be reduced in order to preserve relevant environments. Previous bioprospecting projects should be re-visited and established biodiversity centres have a major role. Many different ecosystems exist which contain unique organisms with the potential to supply novel antibiotics, enzymes, food, and cosmetics, or they may simply have aesthetic value. The book stresses the difficulties in obtaining successful products and yet describes why natural products should be investigated over combinatorial chemistry. Personal experience of bioprospecting projects are given significance. Issues such as how to share the benefits equitably with local communities are described and why pharmaceutical companies can be reluctant to be involved. Legal issues are discussed. Finally, there has never been a better time for a new book on bioprospecting, because of the need to preserve ecosystems, and from the emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms.

Environmental law --- General ecology and biosociology --- Production management --- Biotechnology --- biodiversiteit --- biotechnologie --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- milieurecht --- milieupolitiek --- insecten --- klimaatverandering --- enzymen